V2L, V2H and V2G: three different promises
Sending energy out of an EV can mean powering an appliance, backing up a building or interacting with the grid. These are different capabilities with different equipment requirements.
Canvas of Knowledge · 14 November 2026 · Illustrated explainerV2L: A LOCAL LOAD
Vehicle-to-load powers external devices through a supported outlet or adapter. BYD documented V2L for the European SEAL; the permitted output and equipment are model-specific.
V2H: THE HOME
GM Energy describes vehicle-to-home backup using compatible GM vehicles and dedicated home equipment. The installation manages conversion and isolation from the grid during an outage.
V2G: THE GRID
Vehicle-to-grid adds grid interaction, compatible control and local approval or participation arrangements. Possessing a V2L socket does not automatically make a vehicle V2G-capable.
THE IDEA TO KEEPAn outlet, a home-backup system and a grid service are not interchangeable features.
Sources & further reading
- BYD · SEAL European launch and V2L →
- GM Energy · Vehicle-to-home →
- US Department of Energy · Vehicle-grid integration assessment →
Sources reviewed 14 November 2026. Specifications and availability depend on the product, market and date. Source organisations do not endorse this website.